A type of bounded traveling wave solutions for the Fornberg-Whitham equation

In this paper, by using bifurcation method, we successfully find the Fornberg-Whitham equation has a type of traveling wave solutions called kink-like wave solutions and antikinklike wave solutions. They are defined on some semifinal bounded domains and possess properties of kink waves and anti-kink waves. Their implicit expressions are obtained. For some concrete data, the graphs of the implicit functions are displayed, and the numerical simulation is made. The results show that our theoretical analysis agrees with the numerical simulation.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figure

Solitons, peakons, and periodic cuspons of a generalized Degasperis-Procesi equation

We employ the bifurcation theory of planar dynamical systems to investigate the exact travelling wave solutions of a generalized Degasperis-Procesi equation. The implicit expression of smooth soliton solutions is given. The explicit expressions of peaked soliton solutions and periodic cuspon solutions are also obtained. Further, we show the relationship among the smooth soliton solutions, the peaked soliton solutions, and the periodic cuspon solutions. The physical relevance of the found solutions and the reasonwhy these solutions can exist in this equation are also given.Comment: 14 pages, 41 figure

Soliton and periodic wave solutions to the osmosis K(2, 2) equation

In this paper, two types of traveling wave solutions to the osmosis K(2, 2) equation are investigated. They are characterized by two parameters. The expresssions for the soliton and periodic wave solutions are obtained.Comment: 14 pages, 16 figure

Formal finance and trade credit during China's transition

Using a large panel dataset of Chinese industrial firms, the authors examine the determinants of access to loans from formal financial intermediaries and extension of trade credit. Poorly performing state-owned enterprises were more likely to redistribute credit to firms with less privileged access to loans through trade credit, a pattern consistent with some of the extension of trade credit being involuntary. By contrast, profitable private domestic firms were more likely to extend trade credit than unprofitable ones. Trade credit likely provided a substitute for loans for these private firms'customers that were shut out of formal credit markets. As biases in lending became less severe, the amount of trade credit extended by private firms declined.Investment and Investment Climate,Economic Theory&Research,Banks&Banking Reform,Financial Crisis Management&Restructuring,Financial Intermediation